What is Neurodiversity?

Understanding Neurodiversity

I am often asked what neurodiversity is and why it is important. As an educator, I believe it is essential to remove the word “disability” and focus on the abilities of the individual. Below are some of the more common neurodifferences I have the privilege to work with on a daily basis. Here’s a list of common neurodifferences along with brief descriptions.

  1. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
  2. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
  3. Dyslexia
  4. Dysgraphia
  5. Dyscalculia
  6. Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)
  7. Nonverbal Learning Disability (NVLD)
  8. Tourette Syndrome
  9. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
  10. Social Communication Disorder (SCD)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism is a developmental condition characterized by differences in social communication, behavior, and sensory processing. Individuals on the spectrum may have unique strengths, such as intense focus and specialized interests.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Those with ADHD often exhibit creativity and energy, which can be harnessed in positive ways.

Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a learning difference that primarily affects reading and language processing. Individuals with dyslexia may struggle with decoding words but often excel in creative thinking and problem-solving.

Dysgraphia

Dysgraphia is a writing disorder that affects fine motor skills and the ability to express thoughts in written form. People with dysgraphia may have unique ways of organizing ideas and communicating verbally.

Dyscalculia

This learning difference impacts an individual’s ability to understand and work with numbers and mathematical concepts. Many with dyscalculia have strong analytical skills and excel in areas that don’t require traditional math skills.

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)

SPD affects how the brain processes sensory information, leading to heightened or diminished responses to sensory stimuli. Individuals with SPD may thrive in environments tailored to their sensory needs.

Nonverbal Learning Disability (NVLD)

NVLD is characterized by strong verbal skills but challenges in spatial reasoning and nonverbal communication. Individuals may excel in verbal tasks while needing support in social interactions and visual-spatial tasks.

Tourette Syndrome

This neurological disorder is characterized by involuntary motor and vocal tics. People with Tourette’s often have unique perspectives and creativity, despite the challenges posed by the condition.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

OCD is an anxiety disorder marked by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Many individuals with OCD are detail-oriented and may excel in tasks requiring precision.

Social Communication Disorder (SCD)

SCD involves difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication in social contexts. Individuals may struggle with understanding social cues but often have a wealth of knowledge in specific areas of interest.